LINEARITY’S MODULATION
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Nastasia Meyrat
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INDEX
ABOUT
INTERVIEW WITH NASTASIA MEYRAT
DECEMBER 2017 – APRIL 2018
This summer you showed
Cooking is Dwelling Without a House
,
a collaboration with Deborah Z3, Stéphanie Rosianu and EmmaTheGreat
(La Placette, Lausanne, 30.6-25.8.2017). It was presented as an exhibition,
but you could also have called it a series of events. You created some
visual artworks, but you also initiated a lot of less defined situations. Many
people participated. Your audience was very eclectic, compared to a
regular contemporary art show. Deborah and you were not always the
authors of the events. Tell me more.
ROXANE BOVET
I had been asking myself for quite a while whether it would be possible to
interlink different fields, different “worlds”. Some friends of mine don’t
believe that the arts can exist as tools outside of a combination of globalized
capitalistic facts. But at the same time, we are quite a large number of
people and artists believing in the possibility of creating exhibitions as a way
to gather and share ideas. So yes, I was invited to do something at La
Placette and I saw the opportunity to create something with friends who
would bring along tools different from the ones I have. I realised that my
hometown would be the perfect location to collaborate with the people
with whom I usually talk about art, politics, etc. I had already chosen the
title of the show, which referred to Rirkrit Tiravanija and to moments that
my friends and I know well: the “bouffe pop”. These past two or three years,
I have noticed the importance of repeating actions over a long period of
time, with other
people, with a common purpose. The purpose of this project was the notion
of collectivity and using a space to shelter new common experiences that
could constitute a common language for those who came and experimented
what we had to offer.
So I asked three friends to activate this project with me, and talked to two
other friends about making the flyer for the show (homemade screen
prints). Deborah Z3 and I created works for the show and I came up with
a display that consisted in text mixed with basic furniture such as tables,
chairs, a bar, etc. EmmaTheGreat cooked food and made cocktails every
Friday for two months. Stéphanie Rosianu activated her Kiosque, every time
too. Then, every Friday we would invite people to perform, read, play music,
etc. The food and the drinks were offered on a “for donation” basis. It was
crucial to work as a
group, because this show was long and intense. Over two months, we built
a place where art could be seen and where events were happening. You
could also just have a beer and talk with friends, as you would in a
normal bar. At the end of the show I noticed that this proposition was very
performative and flexible, which I was really happy about.
NASTASIA MEYRAT
Hito Steyerl,
Duty Free Art
, abstract
You have talked about connecting different fields, and mentioned the
performative character of someone cooking every Friday (even if s/he is not
an artist), as well as the fact that some of your friends don’t believe in
contemporary art as they imagine it. You seem to envision art as a vehicle,
a space that will shelter and foster experiences and ideas…
RB
The notion of common codes and signs, forms and languages, brings in the
idea of an actual, real community. Did you feel this sense of community
during the time of the project?
RB
I see. And I agree. I was actually wondering if the project had—in a sense—
created a new community which did not really exist before and which
has maybe disappeared since? When I use the word “community” it’s not at
all in an exclusive and closed way, meaning that the people who came just
once are not part of it, but it’s more in the sense of that, the more you were
there, the more you thought together about the same topics. I imagine that
the fact that some people came regularly was an important element in the
process of building a common language?
RB
That’s a very good question. I would be curious to see that as well. In the
show, there where sentences sewed on cushions and painted on the wall:
“how to multiply collective intelligence
how to multiply collective knowledge
how to multiply love?”
“Multiply intelligence, multiply knowledge and share it no
less than a thousand times with people that would also
multiply themselves and then it copulates with itself,
multiplied people multiply themselves and their knowledge.
They multiply themselves with other multiplied persons
with multiplied consciousness.”
This experimental exhibition really tried to manifest the idea of collective
intelligence. What does it mean for you?
RB
Some see in the possibilities of new media a way to achieve this multiplied
way of thinking. We often speak about collective intelligence related to
online tribes or online open-source projects. At the same time, there is
Big Tech and the web went through a huge process of normalization. Do
you see a chance for the network technologies to apply this schizophrenia
“in real life” and step out of the metaphor?
RB
Indeed, principles and moral values are not only abstract. They cannot be
restricted to a discursive space, they are prolonged and they spread in the
materiality of the world and in the practical application and coordination
between people. Even if it’s only tacitly, each community has to define how
it functions as a “living” organism, how people interact, if there is any
hierarchy, how decisions are taken, etc. Sometimes it’s very well defined—
decided from the beginning by a group of people or in a democratic
process, and some other times it’s just the result of trials and adjustments.
How did this apply during this experience?
RB
I really like the idea of combining and confronting codes on many levels in
order to maybe build a common language. Talking about privileges and
context: to have the opportunity to develop those kinds of experimentation
really is a luxury. But for me, it’s essential to be able to apply and test
utopian and ethical/political ideas in concrete ways.. Some say that it’s a
tendency for ideas and trials to spill over from whatever network they are
circulating in—and hence to escape the narrowness of their channel and to
open up to a larger milieu. We see more and more projects based on the
ideas of the common, knowledge sharing and community building. Do you
think this can, by capillarity, change something to the “real” political and
economical world?
RB
Back in Ancient Greece, the common idea was that art had such a great
power over the soul that it could alone have destroyed the very foundations
of the city. Today I agree with you, artists (neither more nor less than punks
and dropouts) are an important element of social peace and society’s
structural equilibrium. Paine said that “society is produced by our wants,
and government by our wickedness; [3 edits] the former promotes our
happiness positively by uniting our affections, the latter negatively by
restraining our vices.” I think a lot of those projects—like yours or Frode
café– are not far from trials of society building on a smaller scale.
RB
Can you tell me more about your idea for a
manifesto or is it too early?
RB
I would like to see more and more independent propositions emerge here
and there. The more there will be, the more diversity we will have. I don’t
expect common rules, internal organizations or ways of functioning
because firstly, I don’t believe in a homogeneous and unique society and
secondly, I don’t have an actual societal programme—with solutions and
answers to every problem we are facing—to replace capitalism. To establish
a consensus among people opposing a system, each “group” firstly agrees
on the position they share, like gender and ethnic equality for example, but
it’s always after sharing those common ideas, that things get complicated
and that it becomes difficult to speak using a common voice. Do you have
to deal with this in your projects?
RB
What about the “Art Game” [subjectively derived from the “rap game”]? By
“Art Game”, I mean: the money given by the Fondation Nestlé pour l’Art,
artworks functioning as safe currency forever stashed away in free port
storage, the cosmopolitan and urban white elitism of contemporary art, the
harmful, one percent-ish, tax evasion art market, free labour and impossible-
to-miss opportunities. How do you position yourself among this list? I just
read an excerpt from Hito Steyerl’s writings, in which she brings forward a
hypothesis on the reappropriation of art circulation. I found it interesting.
RB
Nothing is inaccessible enough to preserve its supposed authenticity. It
makes me think of the “immature figure”, the one who uses irony and
humour as a weapon, or at least a tool. I know it’s one of your
interests, does it play a role here?
RB
You wrote your Master thesis on the question of art in a “liquid society”,
borrowing the words of Zygmunt Bauman. It was a project without form,
which crystallized only during opening hours. It was all about mutation and
adaptation to new conditions, whether it be people or the weather. Of
course, it’s not the same—your project adopted this moving architecture
because of its experimental condition—but do you find this liquidity in your
art, your life or your thoughts?
RB
I have invited you to be part of the diagram—which is about a certain idea
of post-internet creation—because I wanted to develop the idea of collective
intelligence with you. We mostly spoke about how ideas spill out of the web
to find physical implementations AFK. Can I ask what your relation to the
internet is?
RB
What I’m interested in is forms and situations. For that project, I wanted to
create common codes and signs (based on the situation of the show rather
than on the collaboration of the members participating in the show).
Personally, I think art is able to fit right in this challenge of creating situations
and forms that go in the direction of collective intelligence (whether or not
the public and/or exhibition participants belong to the “art world”).
NM
Well, the show and the experiment might have been in themselves a
production of common codes. The format of the exhibition became, in time,
a language. With the pieces that we proposed we all tried to inject codes
that referred to collectivity. There could have been more signs. The more
projects and the more opportunities are created to organize things, the
more signs will be multiplied and shared.
NM
Indeed, I think the collective energy that took place and created this
language was really specific to the duration of the show and to the people
who came to it. I wonder, now that it is over, if the codes are too. I don't
think so, I think they're still "here", they exist between the people that have
experienced the project. If there were to be a next similar show, it would be
interesting to see whether or not the adventure continues with the same
language created during
Cooking Is Dwelling Without a House
.
NM
Collective intelligence to me is a “satisfactory” (as opposed to
optimized) way of understanding, sharing and multiplying knowledge,
without any kind of hierarchy. There are many ways, I guess, to do it. One
of them, I think, is the idea of spreading, contaminating or multiplying. I
have this “immature” need and a rather ideological way of seeing
collective intelligence and the act of being multiplied. I mean “being
multiplied” both mentally and physically. It would be great if we could
experiment life in many different situations at the same time, we would
learn much faster and we would be able to achieve so much more. I guess
one is able to do it mentally (to multiply ideas and mental spaces through
conceptual, mental, organizational operations rather than multiplying them
physically) but there’s something really schizophrenic about it. To me,
collective intelligence is the creation of an opposition to a normalized
system based on capitalism, it is a way of constituting an alternative and a
plurality.
NM
Storks, bears and sharks with personal names and rivers with the
status of legal entities are tentative first steps, whose significance,
particularly if they remain scattered and isolated instances, is
easily dwarfed by the major problems looming. Nonetheless, they
are examples of how the surge of complexity, which was brought
about in part by digital infrastructures and is currently causing us
so much unease, can be bent to our will and transformed into new
and very promising realities.
Felix Stalder,
Escaping Digital Unease
Yes, I feel like it is an emergency. The state of things—regarding misogyny,
racism and globalized capitalism—is alarming. But things are happening,
people are organizing, even if it’s small and local. People are getting
involved in processes that are more and more inclusive. The deconstruction
that is needed to make a consequent change of direction takes a long time,
it’s super long. It takes a long time because to understand things (as in the
systemic imbrication of oppressions that also infiltrates by definition artistic
environments) and to agree with them is different than integrating them in
our mind, body (and art practices).
NM
There wasn’t an actual framework, because the people with whom I did the
show were friends. We already have common political ideas, as
we’re evolving in similar social environments. The four of us kind of share
the same views, of course we might have some oppositions and we’re not
from the same background either, but we can, if we want, use a similar
language, so it makes it easier to unite without having to define things too
much. We defined our purpose, the direction we wanted to take, but we let
some parts define themselves. That decision was very specific to the
project, which I think didn’t need a strong structure, as we wanted to
explore these framework possibilities. But still, we needed, at some point,
to adjust things (to transform or adjust certain aspects of our proposition),
of course. This notion of adjusting to the context was also very important.
The fact that the project was long, allowed us to try different scenarios, to
« improve » ourselves. It is quite rare to have the chance to take time in
order to be precise, especially when you organize an exhibition. We often
feel pressured into delivering and seeing something perfect, immaculate.
NM
Pierre Lévy se demande quel genre d’œuvre esthétique pourrait
répondre aux demandes des cultures du savoir. Il suggère que «
la
distinction entre auteur et lecteur, producteur et spectateur,
créateur et interprète va s’effacer
» pour constituer un circuit
d’expression (pas tout à fait une matrice) où chaque participant
œuvre à «
soutenir l’activité
» des autres. L’œuvre d’art sera ce qu’il
appelle «
un attracteur culturel
», qui réunira et créera un terrain
commun entre des communautés diverses.
Henry Jenkins,
La culture de la convergence
Totally. I mean, what you said about O’Neil is something that I see, that I
live quite often and that we activated during the project as an instinctive
reaction. It’s funny—talking about “achievable utopia”: I first saw this
sentence in a text by Rirkrit Tiravanija. This definition of an achievable utopia
is something that has become central in my work and in my life. But still, to
reach this achievable utopia in a larger community, in a larger scale than just
a close friends circle, means that somehow people have to agree that chaos
can be positive, and then have a common idea of what their utopia is. This I
don’t have to do with a lot of my friends, because we’re on the same page,
let’s say. So yes, I think it’s a big process to engage with people that you
don’t know or who don’t share the same codes/contexts/privileges.
Nevertheless I think it’s necessary to combine and confront codes more and
more, so that “achievable utopia” can become a combination of codes that
could touch many people on many levels. The Dominican Republic was a
great opportunity for me to learn from others, and to exchange points of view
on art, politics and privileges. It was an important moment of deconstruction
for me. This process that has begun one year ago is still ongoing. The projects
that I’m setting up are really very much linked to that experience.
NM
Of course, going to other countries to experiment relationships is a luxury
and a privilege as well. But I think it’s possible to do it without going
abroad. I mean, as human beings and artists, depending on what our
privileges in society are, there’s a lot that we can deconstruct and work on,
here and now. Indeed, there are more and more projects and conversations
about “sharing knowledge”, about privileges, etc. I think it’s great and
necessary that all of those propositions take place. But I also think it’s still
not radical enough to really change something politically or economically.
The majority of the projects that we all do, and the opportunities that we’re
looking for in terms of acknowledgment or in terms of money, are directly
linked to the State. And the State, as we all know, uses the precariousness
of any worker and artist to pursue its own economical and political goals.
Artists, off-spaces and so on, are tolerated and even sometimes taken
under the wing of political institutions, just to be sure that they remain
under control. We are the tools of capitalism’s big machine and it’s very
hard to find ways to get out of it. However, we all do what we can to try
and find solutions and adjustments, so there’s nothing judgmental about the
comments I made, it’s just the way I see things. Also, in institutions such as
schools and museums, discussions about misogyny and white privileges are
still very complicated, which again, is alarming and needs to be questioned
by people of power in those structures.
NM
The thing is that, to become a counterweight to the established power—
whether we talk about politics or institutions in art—it seems to me that a
sort of consensus has to be found among people opposing a normalized
system. It doesn’t mean that it should be a group, but it would be great if
some artists and collectives could agree and act collectively and publicly on
certain points. I’m thinking about manifestos that could be written
collectively by artists and collectives (it’s actually a project that I’m going to
carry out soon). I think that as long as we don’t try to self-organize
exhibitions, events and some sort of economic resource for ourselves, we’ll
always be dependent of a system that works on our precariousness and on
prejudice. In order for that cynicism to end, it seems to me that we have to
open self-organized spaces that are no longer linked to the State or any
other hierarchic power. We need to invent other patterns of what could be
a self-organized art world, that doesn’t rely on a binary system.
NM
There are various forms of manifestos but today I think less people talk
about global politics and systemic matters, which I think clearly misses in
the discussion. Recently, the “not suprised” manifesto is one that got my
attention. I thought it was great, but I can’t see how it can be developed
when none of the capitalistic systems are questioned regarding women’s
oppression or other types of prejudice. So I’d like to gather people and
invite them to constitute different forms of manifestos, analyzing or simply
discussing political and artistic statements, including globalized capitalism,
misogyny and racism.
NM
I’m not sure. “Common ideas” define a common base of ethical and political
beliefs, that can be discussed, debated, supported. However, it does not
stop people from dealing primarily with the questions and beliefs that they
describe as the most urgent and which are usually the oppressions/
questions that concern them the most. One way of supporting the actions
of other groups is by being active in the matter one chooses to get involved
in. Showing support intimately or publicly already is a consensus, as one is
willing to be an ally or take part in a large scale of actions in which one
believes, even if the tools used are not necessarily the ones initially chosen.
I actually think that once people acknowledge other people’s tools, things
(communication, actions and collaboration) become easier. As boundaries
are defined, everybody collaborates and somehow lives together, instead of
« tolerating » each other. So no, I haven’t experienced that with people I’ve
worked with, at least for now. I guess the only thing I have experienced, is a
specific moment in the collaborative process, where speed of
communication slows down—which is needed sometimes—to digest, learn
from others and deconstruct.
NM
I find my position where I can still allow myself to have an opinion. Even if
we’re all participating in an economic system (starting with having a boss),
it doesn’t mean we should remain silent. Of course I have, as anybody,
inconsistencies (in my practice as much as in my personal life), but I still feel
legitimate to talk and to act regarding what’s bothering me. The economic
system we live in is one that is more and more totalitarian, as less and less
alternatives exist. So again, just because we’re forced to participate doesn’t
mean we shouldn’t try to create “alternative” patterns, in order to bring to
existence alternatives which will be viable in a few years (who knows?). In
general, I do not agree with a nihilistic position in art either. This extract is
indeed interesting, but I would maybe distance myself a bit from the
attempt to change while we are inside a certain pattern that is already
super powerful and which we all participate in (as long as nothing else
exists). So I’d take part with other people in the construction of alternative
solutions, and navigate between possibilities, until what is built becomes
strong enough.
NM
For sure, it does. But it has to do with my formal practice. It’s my way of
escaping confrontation and authoritarianism. I want to address certain
matters that are serious and sometimes political, so it’s a way of being self-
critical regarding whatever I’m saying.
NM
I’d rather speak of a gaseous state, as “liquidity”, in my mind, is really linked
to globalization. Some in art theory have criticized this gaseous state, but I
guess you would criticize it if you had a hierarchic way of perceiving art and
culture, which I haven’t. But yes, I think this project, as much as my
practice, moves in a certain way, but not as much as something that is
liquid. It’s grounded, but evolves in a context. The way I think and organize
my life and art practice is more like kaleidoscopes, those toys that we have
as kids. The combinations are multiple, but the content is a data (a data that
evolves too, as my ideas change and my deconstruction evolves through
time). I’m questioning the terms “liquid”, etc., because they have been
seized by white men who have been writing about them… It’s probably our
turn now to make ours other relevant terms and to define them in
our own way.
NM
I don't really know actually. I mostly use it as a tool to work, to search for
information whether it be for my practice or for political events or
conferences, etc. The internet is part of my daily routine now. But I guess I
know nothing of the extent the internet has or could have. I think it can be
efficient in terms of sharing information, and I think if it wasn't controlled
and owned by big corporations, it could be a very powerful tool for an
alternative.
NM
→ DOWNLOAD PDF FILE
Have you heard of Mathieu O’Neil? He wrote a book about “authority and
autonomy in online tribes.” The PDF is already in the diagram here. He
describes virtual communities as follows: communication is their core and
definitive activity; membership is voluntary and easily revocable; and the
basis for relationships is shared personal interest rather than obligation. One
can easily think of examples of participatory culture online but I think it’s
pretty uncommon IRL. That’s why I wanted to make this link between
O’Neil’s description and your project, it seemed relevant to me. Years ago,
Lévy described collective intelligence as an “achievable utopia”—not
something that grows inevitably from the new configuration of technologies
but rather something we must work toward and fight to achieve. Is it
complicated or different when it’s not with your friends? I’m referring to
your residency in the Dominican Republic.
RB
Communication
Cooking is Dwelling without a House
, 2017
Exhibition view
Cooking is Dwelling without a House
, 2017
Exhibition view,
Cooking is Dwelling without a House
, 2017
Exhibition view,
Cooking is Dwelling without a House
, 2017